The 1789 Constitution, a deliberately limited document, lays the foundation for the American government. The Founding Fathers, educated in classical languages, created a framework to limit governmental power, not to run people's lives. About 20% of the Constitution itemizes what federal and state governments may not do, while only 10% focuses on positive grants of power. The remaining 70% is concerned with the structure of power and how it must be exercised.
The separation of powers was designed as a shield for citizens against the state, not as a mere governing philosophy. This original design has been compromised by Congressional inaction.